A cooling system is used to maintain a certain region of space at a temperature lower than of its environment. The working fluid may remain in one phase (gas cooling) or may occur in two phases (vapor-compression refrigeration.) It is common to associate refrigeration food preservation and air conditioning in buildings. However, cooling techniques are needed in many other situations. Such as the use of liquid fuels for rocket propulsion, liquid oxygen for the manufacture of steel, liquid nitrogen for research at low temperatures (cryogenics), and surgical techniques and liquefied natural gas for intercontinental transport are just some examples of the many that cooling is essential.
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